AVL Tree Insertion and Rotation | AVL Tree Construction | Data Structure

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AVL tree is a self-balancing Binary Search Tree (BST) where the difference between heights of left and right subtrees cannot be more than one for all nodes.
Tree is said to be balanced if balance factor of each node is in between -1 to 1, otherwise, the tree will be unbalanced and need to be balanced.
Balance Factor = height (left sub tree) - height (right sub tree)
Insertion in AVL tree is performed in the same way as it is performed in a binary search tree. The new node is added into AVL tree as the leaf node. However, it may lead to violation in the AVL tree property and therefore the tree may need balancing.
The tree can be balanced by applying rotations. Rotation is required only if, the balance factor of any node is disturbed upon inserting the new node, otherwise the rotation is not required.
AVL Rotations
We perform rotation in AVL tree only in case if Balance Factor is other than -1, 0, and 1. There are basically four types of rotations which are as follows:

L L rotation: Inserted node is in the left subtree of left subtree of A
R R rotation : Inserted node is in the right subtree of right subtree of A
L R rotation : Inserted node is in the right subtree of left subtree of A
R L rotation : Inserted node is in the left subtree of right subtree of A

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