Corporal punishment | Wikipedia audio article

Описание

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Corporal punishment


00:02:28 1 Western history
00:10:09 2 Among hunter-gatherer tribes
00:11:21 3 International treaties
00:11:31 3.1 Human rights
00:14:47 3.2 Children's rights
00:16:40 4 Modern use
00:16:49 4.1 Legal status
00:18:04 4.2 Corporal punishment in the home
00:19:41 4.3 Corporal punishment in schools
00:20:45 4.4 Judicial or quasi-judicial punishment
00:22:15 5 Ritual and punishment
00:22:51 6 In popular culture



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- Socrates



SUMMARY
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Corporal punishment or physical punishment is a punishment intended to cause physical pain on a person. It is most often practised on minors, especially in home and school settings. Common methods include spanking or paddling. It has also historically been used on adults, particularly on prisoners and enslaved people. Other common methods include flagellation and caning.
Official punishment for crime by inflicting pain or injury, including flogging, branding and even mutilation, was practised in most civilizations since ancient times. However, with the growth of humanitarian ideals since the Enlightenment, such punishments were increasingly viewed as inhumane. By the late 20th century, corporal punishment had been eliminated from the legal systems of most developed countries.The legality in the 21st century of corporal punishment in various settings differs by jurisdiction. Internationally, the late 20th century and early 21st century saw the application of human rights law to the question of corporal punishment in a number of contexts:

Corporal punishment in the home, punishment of children or teenagers by parents or other adult guardians— is legal in most of the world. 58 countries, most of them in Europe and Latin America, have banned the practice as of 2018.
School corporal punishment—of students by teachers or school administrators—has been banned in many countries, including Canada, Kenya, South Africa, New Zealand and all of Europe. It remains legal, if increasingly less common, in some states of the United States.
Judicial corporal punishment, as part of a criminal sentence ordered by a court of law, has long disappeared from European countries. However, as of November 2017, it remains lawful in parts of Africa, Asia, the Anglophone Caribbean and indigenous communities of Ecuador and Colombia. Closely related is prison corporal punishment or disciplinary corporal punishment, ordered by prison authorities or carried out directly by staff. Corporal punishment is also allowed in some military settings in a few jurisdictions.Other uses of corporal punishment have existed, for instance, as once practised on apprentices by their masters. In many Western countries, medical and human-rights organizations oppose corporal punishment of children. Campaigns against corporal punishment have aimed to bring about legal reform to ban the use of corporal punishment against minors in homes and schools.