Pharmacokinetics. Metabolism.

Описание

High-Yield Terms to Learn
Phase I reactions
Reactions that convert the parent drug to a
more polar (water-soluble) or more reactive
product by unmasking or inserting a polar
functional group such as -OH, -SH, or -NH2
Phase II reactions
Reactions that increase water solubility by
conjugation of the drug molecule with a polar
moiety such as glucuronate, acetate, or sulfate
CYP isozymes
Cytochrome P450 enzyme species
(e.g. CYP2D and CYP3A4) that are responsible
for much of drug metabolism. Many isoforms
of CYP have been recognized
Enzyme induction
Stimulation of drug-metabolizing capacity;
usually manifested in the liver by increased
synthesis of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
(which contains high concentrations of phase I
enzymes)
P-glycoprotein, MDR-1
An ATP-dependent transport molecule
found in many epithelial and cancer cells.
The transporter expels drug molecules from the
cytoplasm into the extracellular space.
In epithelial cells, expulsion is via the external
or luminal face.