Richard Gerstl 理查德·格爾斯特 (1883-1908) Pointillism Art Nouveau Expressionism Austrians

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Richard Gerstl (14 September 1883 – 4 November 1908) was an Austrian painter and draughtsman known for his expressive psychologically insightful portraits, his lack of critical acclaim during his lifetime, and his affair with the wife of Arnold Schoenberg which led to his suicide.
Richard Gerstl was born in a prosperous civil family, Emil Gerstl, a Jewish merchant, and Maria Pfeiffer, non-Jewish woman. He visited the Viennese Piaristengymnasium (Bundesgymnasium Wien 8, Josefstadt), but he had to leave because of difficulties of discipline.
Early in his life, Gerstl decided to become an artist, much to the dismay of his father. After performing poorly in school and being forced to leave the famed Piaristengymnasium in Vienna as a result of "disciplinary difficulties," his financially stable parents provided him with private tutors. In 1898, at the age of fifteen, Gerstl was accepted into the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, where he studied under the notoriously opinionated and difficult Christian Griepenkerl. Gerstl began to reject the style of the Vienna Secession and what he felt was pretentious art. This eventually prompted his vocal professor to proclaim, "The way you paint, I piss in the snow!"
Frustrated with the lack of acceptance of his non-secessionist painting style, Gerstl continued to paint without any formal guidance for two years. For the summers of 1900 and 1901, Gerstl studied under the guidance of Simon Hollósy in Nagybánya. Inspired by the more liberal leanings of Heinrich Lefler, Gerstl once again attempted formal education. Unfortunately, his refusal to participate in a procession in honor of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria further ostracized him and led to his departure. Gerstl felt that taking part in such an event was "unworthy of an artist." His final exit from Lefler's studio took place in 1908.
In 1904 and 1905, Gerstl shared a studio with his former academy classmate and friend, Viktor Hammer. Although Hammer had assisted in Gerstl's admittance to Lefler's tutelage and their relationship was friendly, it is difficult to determine how close the two men were as Gerstl did not associate with other artists. Regardless of their personal feelings, by 1906, Gerstl had acquired his own studio.
After his suicide at the age of twenty-five, his family took the surviving paintings out of Gerstl's studio and stored them in a warehouse until his brother Alois showed them to the art dealer Otto Kallir in 1930 or 1931. Although Gerstl had never managed to exhibit a show during his lifetime, Kallir organized an exhibition at his Neue Galerie. Shortly afterward, the Nazi presence in Austria hindered the further acclaim of the artist and it was not until after the war that Gerstl was known in the United States. Sixty-six paintings and eight drawings attributed to Gerstl are known, although it is possible he destroyed many more or that others could have been lost over the years.
理查德·格爾斯特（1883年9月14日 - 1908年11月4日）是一位奧地利畫家，起草人，以其富有表現力的心理洞察力肖像，在他一生中缺乏好評，以及與阿諾德·勳伯格的妻子的戀情而導致他的自殺。
理查德·格爾斯特（Richard Gerstl）生於一個繁榮的公民家庭，猶太商人埃米爾·格爾斯特（Emil Gerstl）和非猶太婦女瑪麗亞·菲佛（Maria Pfeiffer）。他參觀了維也納的Pirastengymnasium（維也納聯邦德國8），但由於紀律的困難，他不得不離開。
在他一生的早期，Gerstl決定成為一名藝術家，這讓他的父親感到非常沮喪。在學校表現不佳，被迫離開在維也納著名的Piaristengymnasium由於“紀律困難”，他經濟上穩定的父母給他提供私人導師。 1898年，十五歲的時候，格斯特被錄取到維也納美術學院，在那裡他學習了臭名昭著的基督徒格里彭克爾（Christian Griepenkerl）。格爾斯特開始拒絕維也納分裂國家的風格，他覺得這是自命不凡的藝術。這最終促使他的聲學教授宣稱：“你畫的方式，我在小雪裡撒尿！”
由於缺乏對他的非分裂主義繪畫風格的接受感到沮喪，Gerstl在兩年內沒有任何正式指導的情況下繼續繪畫。在1900年和1901年的夏天，Gerstl在Nagybánya的SimonHollósy的指導下學習。受海因里希·勒弗勒（Heinrich Lefler）更為自由的傾向的啟發，格爾斯特再次嘗試正規教育。不幸的是，他拒絕參加遊行紀念奧地利皇帝弗朗茨·約瑟夫一世進一步排斥他並導致他離開。格斯特覺得參加這樣一個活動“不配合藝術家”。他從勒夫勒的工作室最後退出發生在1908年。
在1904年和1905年，Gerstl與他的前學院同學和朋友Viktor Hammer分享了一個工作室。雖然哈默協助蓋斯爾加入勒弗勒的指導下，他們之間的關係很友好，但很難確定戈斯特與其他藝術家的關係。不管個人的感受如何，到1906年，Gerstl已經擁有了自己的工作室。
在25歲時他自殺後，他的家人把倖存的畫作從Gerstl的工作室裡拿出來放在一個倉庫裡，直到他的兄弟Alois在1930年或1931年向藝術品經銷商Otto Kallir展示給他們。雖然Gerstl從未設法Kallir在他的一生中展出了一個展覽，他在Neue Galerie組織了一個展覽。不久之後，納粹在奧地利的存在阻礙了藝術家的進一步的好評，直到戰後嘉士麗在美國才知道。儘管有可能他摧毀了更多的東西，或者其他人多年來可能已經流失，但是已經有66幅繪畫和8幅被歸於格爾斯特的繪畫所知。